
Khi bạn đang chọn một loại dầu truyền động hoặc dầu hộp số, bạn có thể tự hỏi GL-4 và GL-5 có nghĩa là gì và sự khác biệt giữa hai phân loại này là gì. Việc chọn đúng phân loại là vô cùng quan trọng vì cả hai đều có các đặc tính khác nhau và việc sử dụng sai cách có thể dẫn đến hư hỏng nghiêm trọng cho xe của bạn.
Có bốn cách phân loại khác nhau cho dầu hộp số / hộp số. Các cách phân loại khác nhau này xác định một mức hiệu suất nhất định trong các trục dẫn động và hộp số sàn. Chúng chủ yếu quan trọng đối với lĩnh vực vận tải ở Bắc Mỹ, Châu Phi và Châu Á. Các phân loại hoạt động là:
- GL-1
- GL-4
- GL-5
- MT-1
Áp suất cực cao (EP) càng cao thì loại GL càng cao. Điều quan trọng cần biết là Biểu đồ độ nhớt của dầu động cơ SAE (J300) khác với Biểu đồ của dầu bánh răng SAE (J306). Độ nhớt không liên quan đến Phân loại dầu bánh răng API và nên được chọn dựa trên khuyến nghị từ nhà sản xuất dựa trên nhiệt độ nơi bạn sẽ lái xe.

Sự khác biệt chính giữa dầu bánh răng GL-4 và GL-5 là lượng phụ gia EP. Các sản phẩm chứa lưu huỳnh / phốt pho được sử dụng làm phụ gia EP. Phụ gia này có mục đích ngăn ngừa sự xuất hiện của các vi hàn trên sườn bánh răng ở nhiệt độ cao cục bộ thường xảy ra trong các trường hợp EP (nhiệt độ vượt quá 800 ℃!) GL-5 có lượng phụ gia EP gần gấp đôi so với GL-4, đó là lý do tại sao nó thường được sử dụng trong các trường hợp áp suất cao như ở trục trước và vi sai cầu sau.
Tuy nhiên, các chất phụ gia lưu huỳnh / phốt pho có một đặc tính bất lợi: chúng có thể phản ứng mạnh với đồng. Điều này có thể gây tai hại cho các vòng đồng bộ của hộp số. Do đó không nên sử dụng GL-5 trong hộp số trừ khi nhà sản xuất cho phép điều này.
Để kết luận:
- Các sản phẩm dầu truyền động GL 4 được thiết kế để bôi trơn bánh răng ô tô và hộp số tay, đối với hộp số sàn các sản phẩm GL-4 sẽ bôi trơn tuyệt vời cho các dòng xe ô-tô, xe chở khách, xe thương mại vận hành trong điều kiện tốc độ cao/mô men nhỏ và tốc độ thấp/mô men lớn. Thích hợp cho các hộp số co lắp bộ đồng tốc. Dầu GL -4 còn được khuyến cáo cho các bộ bánh răng truyền động nó thích hợp với các điều kiện có điều kiện khắc nghiệt trung bình ví dụ như các hộp sốc chịu tải trọng nhẹ của thiết bị thứ cấp trong các xe thương mại. Đối với các cầu sau dầu hộp số GL-4 thích hợp cho các ứng dụng có điều kiện khắc nghiệt trung bình, như xe thương mại tải trọng nhẹ, xe chở khách và xe gắn máy, không thích hợp cho các cầu xe tải trọng nặng.
- Các sản phẩm dầu cầu hộp số API GL-5 được pha chế chuyên dụng cho các cơ cấu truyền động xe, bộ vi sai, cho các bộ bánh răng chịu tải vừa đến chịu tải nặng ở thiết bị tại chỗ và thiết bị phụ trợ, và sử dụng cho các cầu bánh răng hypoid, các bộ phận bánh răng ô tô nằm ngoài động cơ, các bộ phận truyền động xe khách vận hành dưới những điều kiện tốc độ cao, tải trọng va đập, tốc độ cao/mô-men xoắn nhỏ và tốc độ thấp/mô – men xoắn lớn. Các sản phẩm đạt tiêu chuẩn GL-5 có thể sử dụng cho tất cả các loại bánh răng đạt tiêu chuẩn MIL-L-2015 hoặc được khuyến cáo sử dụng API GL-5.
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It’s vital to begin with a manageable weight that lets you keep managed movements throughout the complete train. A breakdown in form can result in muscle
imbalances and potential harm over time. Picture the anterior deltoids because the defend of your upper arm, located proper on the entrance
of your shoulder. Snatch Grip Shrugs are a well-liked variation to regular Barbell Shrugs.
Snatch Grip Shrugs are nice for Olympic lifters or lifters just wanting
to mix their routine up a bit. Add variety to your arms day
arsenal with these difficult straight-bar choices.
1) Increase grip width by 2 inches each training session, starting with a grip width just under shoulder-width and ending with
a grip width just beyond 6 inches exterior shoulder width.
This restricted range of movement (similar to Board Benching) will actually take stress off of
the shoulders and emphasize the triceps much more. In terms of muscle mass, much of the pec contribution is lowered, a lot of the delt
operate is retained, and the triceps truly work over an extended ROM.
For this reason newbies consider the close-grip bench as a “triceps” exercise, when the truth is that a really wide-grip bench is a a lot
more specialized movement that leaves out more than it
provides. And imagine it or not, some individuals don’t just like the look
of big pecs on a man anyway. Close-grips are just not
that bizarre, and are a wonderful alternative for lighter-day work, or as an various to wider grip benching totally.
The barbell curl is king in relation to constructing biceps mass, because it
adequately hits the biceps muscle group. But you can get much more from this old standard by
changing your grip width to change the angle of stress positioned
upon the biceps muscular tissues.
If you’re keen to be a extra adventurous lifter,
there are several variations of the wide-grip barbell curl you might like.
Our next option would be to incorporate front squats as an accessory exercise.
We can use the entrance squat during both max or dynamic effort lower
coaching days. Most often, we would execute the entrance squats for 3-5 units of 5-8 or 8-10 repetitions, relying on the wants
of the athlete being trained. Whether used to extend decrease body anterior
strength or muscle mass, front squats are a solid accent train alternative.
If your focus is CrossFit, you don’t must learn to shut grip bench.
The commonest errors for the close-grip press involve improper close-grip bench press
kind. If you may have additional questions about close-grip bench presses, drop a remark under or
reach out to me personally by way of Instagram (@jake_boly
or @that_fit_friend). As a basic rule of thumb, at lockout,
you need to see the wrists, elbows, and shoulders all stacked collectively.
This provides you with more power to invest in reps and never result in wasted power trying to re-settle
the barbell. The first close-grip bench press mistake that I see newbies
make (I made this one, too, when I began out) is gripping the bar with the palms far too shut together.
That stated, if I wish to keep a point of barbell horizontal urgent mechanics in my program the close-grip bench
press can be a useful gizmo for carrying out this goal.
The third factor to bear in mind for the motion is to retract your shoulder
blades and dig them into the bench before unracking the
barbell. That method, you can create a stable base to press from and maintain your shoulders in a safe position. Apart from the
above muscular tissues, our midsection and higher again contribute
during the bench press. The again keeps our shoulder blades retracted,
and the core promotes stability. Suppose about reducing the load so your arms type an “L”
at the bottom. Your forearms should stay perpendicular to the ground always.
That will permit you to generate upward force primarily together with your triceps.
Perform the bench press to a board that is elevated off
the chest. (Board height primarily based on training program,
periodization, sticking point weaknesses, and athlete
readiness). You’ll want a partner to carry the board in place while you bench.
After that, we’ll maintain you updated on crucial muscle-building research, lifting strategies,
and workout routines. If you’re in search of a coaching program to get you
sturdy and ripped from head to toe, remember to strive our Program Selector and seize the ATHLEAN-X program that finest matches
your present coaching objectives.
The quantity of improve in ROM is a function of how extensive the grip
is on the regular model of the exercise. A very extensive grip is designed to
radically lower the ROM, making the bar path so
short that it drastically reduces the mechanical work
done on the load – the Pressure x Distance-thing.
If you keep on repeating the identical exercises
and actions over and over again, your muscular tissues and physique will quickly
adapt to them and cease growing. The close
grip dumbbell press is a great addition to your arsenal
of pec workouts. You can add it to your workout routine to keep your workouts extra interesting.
Nevertheless, reverse grip rows are a reasonably secure exercise, providing you brace
your core and keep away from rounding your decrease back.
That said, again pain victims may still wish to use an alternative.
Using an underhand grip puts your biceps into
a considerably stronger place, so they’re much less prone
to fatigue prematurely. This should imply you ought to
use heavier weights or do extra reps with an underhand grip, leading to a more productive exercise.
Although the close grip dumbbell press is most actually a chest train, it places your arms
via a wide range of motions, which additionally makes it
an excellent triceps exercise. Simply like slim grip barbell bench presses are very useful for
building your triceps, so are close grip dumbbell presses. In addition,
the close grip bench press will not be as efficient at concentrating on the
chest muscles as other variations.
First of all, all Kabuki merchandise carry a premium aura that might be rivaled only by
Eleiko and the Swedes don’t have a multi-grip barbell in their portfolio.
Think about it like this – should you did a dumbbell bench press and changed the width of the movement,
the angle between your natural grip and your physique
axis would enhance as you move outwards (see image below).
After 30 hours of research and testing forty multi-grip barbells, I’d recommend the
Bells of Steel Arch Nemesis as the highest value finest multi-grip barbell for most
people. Decrease the bar evenly and in a controlled method above your chest.
Don’t flare your elbows out an extreme quantity of or press them too
near your physique. Extend your arms straight up and grip the barbell about shoulder width
apart. A good rule of thumb is to maintain your grip width round shoulder width.
And as a end result of compound actions are so energy-demanding, there are only so many units you can do.
Barbells bench press is great for building upper muscle and strength
however it’s robust on the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints.
This makes it doubly essential to warm up
thoroughly for this raise.
One Other advantage of this exercise is that it locations much
less stress on the shoulder joint which can be preferable for some folks.
The shut grip bench press is a compound train sometimes carried out with a barbell.
Unlike the normal bench press, the close grip variation requires a narrower grip.
This grip locations emphasis on constructing the triceps
and chest with much less deltoid activation. Now, in case your shoulder
joint, elbow joint, or wrist hurts during any of these grips, it’s necessary that you work on eliminating
this ache with isolation and rehabilitation-type workout routines.
Sometimes, the most effective fix is to strengthen the stabilizer muscle tissue surrounding the joints.
Strengthen your delts and rotator cuff in your shoulder joint, your
brachialis, biceps and triceps on your elbow joint, and your forearms
in your wrists.
For newbies, it’s essential to start with lighter weights and concentrate on mastering the fundamental motion. One modification is to perform the exercise with dumbbells as an alternative of a barbell.
This allows for a greater vary of movement and helps enhance stability and control.
You can still load this up heavy, but it’s not going to be the identical as your one rep max on a conventional bench press.
This will permit you to master the shape and place with your elbows closer to your
body, so that you don’t have any shoulder ache.
Typically, the primary possibility for carrying the barbell in a entrance squat is the entrance rack place.
To increase the number of the exercise, we can decide to use a field,
specialty bars, or accommodating resistance. This permits us to
govern the training effect of the back squat and
goal specific coaching outcomes and diversifications. When utilizing exercise variation,
we want sufficient variation to bring in regards to the necessary training diversifications to improve efficiency.
We don’t want to leap to ultra-specific exercise variations instantly.
Kate is a health author for Men’s Well Being UK where she contributes common exercises, coaching suggestions and vitamin guides.
After you’ve set and lifted the barbell out of the j-hooks it’s
time to brace and perform the eccentric, or reducing portion of this motion. Control the eccentric and
avoid dashing this a part of the movement. The close
grip bench press is simply one sort of grip you have to use on the
bench press. While powerlifters could also be drawn to specificity and want
to prepare solely the competitors bench press,
it would be advisable to modify it up with a close grip simply to give your shoulder joint
a break. If you don’t generally train in the lower rep range I suggest you give it a strive, stop lifting in the 10 – 15 rep vary for
a minimum of a month and concentrate on heavy, low rep sets.
A longer distance to your chest means a longer time underneath
pressure and overall only a weaker complete efficiency with
the quantity of weight you’ll find a way
to move. I wrote an entire article on the means to bench press with lengthy arms, including some specific suggestions that
you could start to implement instantly. The trick is actually
to test out the raise, and when you can feel your triceps have interaction, the grip is probably good.
I wrote a similar article discussing the benefits of the decline bench press, which you want
to read after this to understand how different bench press variations might help
you. One, you’ll must set the barbell up in your rack at a height that you’ll
be succesful of safely rack and unrack the load while
laying on the ground. Floor Press is essentially
Close Grip Bench Press but done on the floor.
Another key tip is to shrug as excessive as attainable to optimize the muscle contraction. You also wants to look slightly up whereas shrugging,
which might help you contract the traps extra successfully, but remember to execute the motion smoothly and without ballistic movements that could result in neck damage.
It’s important to exhale as you carry the burden and inhale as you decrease it.
Since the close-grip bench is extra biased in direction of the triceps, I’ll typically
program them for my lifters who’re fighting lockout,
AKA after we want extra triceps to finish reps. The difference,
though significant, just isn’t drastic, and you want to anticipate to
be still in a place to move 80-90% of your typical hundreds in coaching.
With this in thoughts, close grip should not be the grip of alternative for
any competitive powerlifters and, additionally ought
to in all probability not be trained with the goal of most energy.
It’s exhausting to discuss an efficient strength-building chest and
triceps exercise like Close Grip Bench with out mentioning Dips as an alternative.
Many people hold their breath in the course of the hardest a part
of the motion inflicting inner body strain. Inhale slowly as you decrease the bar to your
chest, and exhale through the push upward to start out position. Superior variations of this
exercise embody the barbell bench press, bodyweight dip, and common pushup.
Lifters who expertise shoulder discomfort with the normal press can profit from using a better grip.
A slender grip is shown to reduce shoulder pressure and help lifters successfully bench a heavier load.
Although the triceps are the first movers, you also use
the chest and shoulders.
We advocate including the close-grip press early in your
coaching, presumably first or second. Start with much less weight than you employ
on a conventional bench press, do every repetition with a full vary of motion, and perform
no less than eight reps per set. There is such a thing as too close when is involves close-grip bench
press. Make sure to maintain your palms closer than shoulder-width apart—but
bear in mind, you don’t want to have such a slim grip that
your palms contact. If your elbows flare out away from your torso and
you have to shift your bar path because of your hand placement, you are too shut.
Utilizing a wider grip or switching to a unique exercise, such
as the dips or push-ups, may be a greater choice for these people.
Compound exercises, such because the shut grip bench press
are an efficient use of your time. By performing this exercise you will train more muscle tissue
and construct extra strength in less time as
more muscle tissue are incorporated. The close-grip bench press for chest variations
works out the same muscle tissue as the close-grip bench press but might involve totally different equipment, actions, and body positions.
You might need to carry out a variation of the close-grip bench press when you don’t have or don’t want to use a barbell or bench.
Furthermore, correct kind will make positive you get probably the most out of the close-grip bench press,
increase your triceps, which may be underdeveloped in comparability with
your shoulders.
This positioning permits them to play a vital function in a quantity of higher body
actions. In this guide, we’ll break down the muscles labored, dive into the right type, highlight common errors to avoid, explain mechanical
variables, and compare the dumbbell versus barbell variations.
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Plus, except you need to look like Popeye (you don’t
… right?), it’s probably that you’d want to prepare other body elements
in addition to your arms. If you’re struggling to visualise the exercise, don’t fear
— you’ll be able to try the linked YouTube video in my previous article masking the best triceps workout routines for the long head (you’ll discover it under “Option 3”).
Because you’ll use probably the most weight and carry out this usually you want to watch out with your joints, as they will take a beating from the heavy barbell (regardless
of which grip you use). Shrugs are a supplemental power train typically done towards the
tip of a exercise. There’s no avoiding it, this type of curls is a perfect way to build sleeve-bursting biceps.
Your biceps brachii are absolutely recruited to
maneuver the weight via the required vary of movement, and the positioning of the bench means they are continuously under
tension.
No matter the sport, any athlete will benefit from increased cardio capacity.
Arm your self with these prime techniques to build biceps
that have top, width, and element. Log your exercises and monitor your progress on Hevy app while being a part of an amazing neighborhood of 5+
million gym athletes. If you have to use a flat bench with rack for an exercise, however can’t
discover one, do not substitute it for a flat bench with out rack.
Athletic Perception Sports Psychology and Train Group was
established in 1999, serving as a hub for sports activities psychology, train, and weight-reduction plan. By Way Of “Fit Life Regime,” he generously shares
the insights he’s gained over a decade in the subject.
His aim is to equip others with the knowledge to begin their own fitness journey.
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